Is .308 Stronger Than 7.62x39mm? A Comprehensive Comparison
The debate over which cartridge is superior, the .308 Winchester or the 7.62x39mm, has been ongoing for decades. Both are popular rounds used in a variety of firearms, but they serve different purposes and exhibit distinct performance characteristics. Understanding these differences is crucial for choosing the right cartridge for your specific needs. This article delves into a detailed comparison of the two, examining factors such as ballistics, energy, range, and applications to determine whether the .308 is indeed stronger than 7.62x39mm.
Understanding the .308 Winchester
The .308 Winchester, also known as 7.62x51mm NATO, is a rimless, bottlenecked rifle cartridge introduced in the 1950s. It quickly gained popularity due to its accuracy and effectiveness in both military and civilian applications. The .308 is known for its flat trajectory and substantial energy, making it suitable for hunting, target shooting, and long-range shooting. [See also: .308 vs .30-06: Which is Better?]
Key Features of the .308
- High Velocity: The .308 typically achieves higher velocities than the 7.62x39mm, contributing to its flatter trajectory.
- Greater Energy: It delivers significantly more energy downrange, making it more effective on larger game.
- Versatile Applications: Widely used in hunting rifles, sniper rifles, and semi-automatic rifles.
Exploring the 7.62x39mm
The 7.62x39mm is a rimless, bottlenecked intermediate rifle cartridge developed in the Soviet Union during World War II. It is primarily associated with the AK-47 and SKS rifles, known for their reliability and simplicity. The 7.62x39mm is designed for close- to medium-range engagements and is valued for its controllability and effectiveness in dense environments.
Key Features of the 7.62x39mm
- Compact Size: Its shorter overall length allows for lighter and more compact rifles.
- Moderate Recoil: The 7.62x39mm produces less recoil than the .308, making it easier to control in rapid fire.
- Affordability: Generally, 7.62x39mm ammunition is more affordable than .308 ammunition.
Ballistic Performance Comparison
When comparing the ballistic performance of the .308 and the 7.62x39mm, several factors come into play. These include bullet weight, muzzle velocity, energy, and trajectory.
Muzzle Velocity and Energy
The .308 typically exhibits higher muzzle velocities than the 7.62x39mm. For example, a common 150-grain .308 bullet can achieve velocities of around 2800-2900 feet per second (fps), while a 123-grain 7.62x39mm bullet usually travels at around 2300-2400 fps. This higher velocity translates to greater energy. The .308 can deliver over 2600 foot-pounds of energy at the muzzle, compared to around 1500 foot-pounds for the 7.62x39mm. This significant difference in energy makes the .308 a more potent round for long-range applications and taking down larger game.
Trajectory and Range
Due to its higher velocity and ballistic coefficient, the .308 exhibits a flatter trajectory than the 7.62x39mm. This means that the .308 bullet drops less over distance, making it easier to hit targets at longer ranges. The effective range of the .308 is significantly greater, often exceeding 800 yards, while the 7.62x39mm is typically effective out to around 300-400 yards. The .308‘s superior trajectory and range make it a preferred choice for precision shooting and hunting in open terrain.
Practical Applications
The different characteristics of the .308 and 7.62x39mm make them suitable for different applications.
Hunting
The .308 is a popular choice for hunting medium to large game, such as deer, elk, and bear. Its high energy and flat trajectory provide the necessary stopping power and accuracy for ethical hunting at various distances. While the 7.62x39mm can be used for hunting smaller game at closer ranges, it lacks the energy and range for larger animals.
Tactical and Military Use
The .308 (7.62x51mm NATO) is widely used in military sniper rifles and designated marksman rifles due to its long-range accuracy and stopping power. The 7.62x39mm, on the other hand, is primarily used in assault rifles like the AK-47, where its compact size and controllability are advantageous in close-quarters combat.
Sport Shooting
Both cartridges have their place in sport shooting. The .308 is popular in precision rifle competitions and long-range shooting events, while the 7.62x39mm is often used in recreational shooting and AK-platform competitions. The lower cost of 7.62x39mm ammunition can make it a more economical choice for high-volume shooting.
Recoil and Controllability
Recoil is an important factor to consider when choosing a cartridge, as it affects the shooter’s ability to maintain accuracy and control the firearm. The 7.62x39mm produces significantly less recoil than the .308. This makes it easier to control in rapid fire and allows for quicker follow-up shots. The .308, with its higher energy, generates more recoil, which can be challenging for inexperienced shooters. However, proper technique and the use of recoil-reducing devices can mitigate this effect.
Cost and Availability
The cost and availability of ammunition are also important considerations. Generally, 7.62x39mm ammunition is more affordable and readily available than .308 ammunition. This is due to the widespread production and use of the 7.62x39mm in various parts of the world. While .308 ammunition is also widely available, it tends to be more expensive, especially for premium hunting or match-grade loads.
.308 vs. 7.62x39mm: A Summary Table
| Feature | .308 Winchester | 7.62x39mm |
|---|---|---|
| Muzzle Velocity | Higher (2800-2900 fps) | Lower (2300-2400 fps) |
| Muzzle Energy | Higher (2600+ ft-lbs) | Lower (1500 ft-lbs) |
| Trajectory | Flatter | More Curved |
| Effective Range | Longer (800+ yards) | Shorter (300-400 yards) |
| Recoil | Higher | Lower |
| Cost | Higher | Lower |
| Typical Use | Hunting, long-range shooting, military sniper rifles | Close- to medium-range shooting, assault rifles |
Conclusion: Is .308 Stronger Than 7.62x39mm?
In conclusion, the .308 is demonstrably stronger than 7.62x39mm in terms of muzzle velocity, energy, trajectory, and effective range. The .308 delivers significantly more energy downrange and maintains a flatter trajectory, making it a superior choice for long-range shooting and hunting larger game. However, the 7.62x39mm offers advantages in terms of recoil, cost, and compactness, making it well-suited for close-quarters combat and recreational shooting. The choice between the two cartridges ultimately depends on the specific application and the shooter’s priorities. If power and range are paramount, the .308 is the clear winner. If controllability and affordability are more important, the 7.62x39mm may be the better option. Weigh your needs carefully to select the cartridge that best fits your shooting requirements.
Ultimately, both the .308 and 7.62x39mm are effective cartridges that have proven their worth in various applications. Understanding their strengths and weaknesses will help you make an informed decision when choosing a firearm and ammunition.
